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In the world of hybrid rice, Academician Yuan Longping stands as a towering figure, widely recognized across the globe for his groundbreaking contributions. Thanks to the hybrid rice technology he developed, not only has China benefited, but countries like India and Vietnam have also seen significant increases in grain production, which in turn has elevated the living standards of countless people. His achievements are a testament to contributions that truly serve all of humanity. [1] In fact, long before Yuan Longping, there was a figure in ancient China whose impact bore a striking resemblance. Although he started life as a humble scholar who had failed to rise in the imperial examinations, he managed to dramatically increase the nations grain yield with nothing more than a single vine smuggled from abroad. With more abundant food, the population naturally expanded, and this small vine alone is credited with helping China add nearly three hundred million peoplea testament to the enormous scale of his contribution. This remarkable man was Chen Zhenlong. [2] Chen Zhenlong was born around the 22nd year of the Jiajing reign (1543) in Qingqiao Village, Changle County, Fuzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. Like the majority of people in feudal China, Chen Zhenlong received a Confucian education from an early age, with hopes of passing the imperial examinations to improve his familys circumstances. However, despite becoming a xiucai (licentiate) before turning twenty, he never advanced further. Gradually, he grew disillusioned with the rigid examination system and chose instead the path of commerce. [3] According to the rigid social hierarchy of scholars, farmers, artisans, and merchants, merchants were placed at the very bottom. Yet, by Chens time, capitalism in China was developing, and wealthy merchants wielded significant influence, living far more comfortably than the average person. Furthermore, Fujian, situated on Chinas southeastern coast, was a key hub for foreign trade, and many Fujianese were actively engaged in the famous Sailing South to the Oceans ventures. Perhaps inspired by this enterprising spirit, Chen Zhenlong left his hometown and set out to trade in Luzon. [4] Upon arriving in this foreign land, so different from his homeland, Chen Zhenlong soon noticed a staple food called Zhushu. This was none other than the sweet potato, known in Chinese as hongshu, baishu, or ganshu, reflecting both its foreign origin and the variety of forms it took. [5] The wild sweet potato originally grew in the tropical regions of the Americas, where the Indigenous peoples cultivated it successfully as an essential food crop. When Columbus discovered the New World, he presented sweet potatoes to the Spanish queen as a prized specialty. Later, Spanish sailors brought them to Luzon, where the tuber thrived and became a beloved staple among the locals. [6] Chen Zhenlong, observing the crop in Luzon, realized its potential: high yield, resilience, and suitability for addressing the famine that frequently plagued China. However, the Spanish colonial authorities, aware of the sweet potatos value, forbade its export. Undeterred, Chen made multiple attempts, and after several failures, he ingeniously hid the vines within hemp ropes to evade inspection. In the 21st year of the Wanli reign (1593), Chen Zhenlong returned home and successfully cultivated the sweet potato in his native village. That very year, a severe drought struck central Fujian, threatening widespread crop failure. Chen acted quickly, urging his son Chen Jinglun to petition the provincial governor, Jin Xuezeng, explaining that the drought-resistant, high-yield Luzon sweet potato could help save the people from starvation. Jin Xuezeng was overjoyed. After verifying the crops success, he ordered that its seeds and cultivation methods be promoted throughout Fujian the following year. In gratitude, locals referred to the sweet potato as Jinshu, named after the governor, while the true hero, Chen Zhenlongthe man who risked everything to bring this life-saving crop homeremained largely unrecognized. Thanks to Chen Zhenlongs initiative and Jin Xuezengs promotion, countless people in Fujian survived that years famine. Eventually, sweet potatoes spread across China, reshaping the agricultural landscape and saving innumerable lives. According to the Ming Shilu, the peak population during the Ming dynasty was barely over seventy million. By the Qianlong era of the Qing dynasty, when sweet potatoes were widely cultivated nationwide, the population had surpassed three hundred million, and by the late Qing, it had reached four hundred million. The additional three hundred million people from late Ming to late Qing were due in part to societal development, but also to the widespread planting of high-yield crops like sweet potatoes. Unlike Yuan Longping, whose decades of painstaking research yielded hybrid rice, Chen Zhenlongs contribution lay in his courage and foresight. He left his homeland, noticed a foreign crop, and took enormous risks to smuggle it back to China for the benefit of his people. This remarkable act of foresight and bravery deserves recognition. Thus, every time we enjoy the humble sweet potato, we should remember the extraordinary sacrifice and legacy of Chen Zhenlong.
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